The next two main reactions that are widely used in organic chemistry are the Suzuki and the Heck reaction.
These are palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.
Both of these reactions replace the halogen of a vinylic halide or an aryl halide with a carbon-containing group.
So notice that we have here two different halides and we’re adding any carbon group that we want.
That is the versatility of these two reactions.
So let’s begin the Suzuki reaction.
For the Suzuki reaction, you will take either a vinylic halide or an aryl halide and you’re going to treat it or react it with an organoboron compound.
I want you to pay attention to this organoboron compound because that is what determines the Suzuki.
If you look closely, this organoboron reagent resembles a motorcycle.
Here you have the handlebars, here you have the headlights and here is your tire.
And so your Suzuki reaction is going to tell you to attach the tire and replace the halogen. Put the tire or the R-prime group where the halogen is.
To form this new carbon-carbon bond, you’re going to connect the tire which is the R-prime group with the R-group already there that was holding the leaving group.
The R-prime group of an organoboron compound replaces a halogen.
So the next time you see this organoboron compound that looks like a motorcycle, I want you to hop on that motorcycle and do this Suzuki reaction.
So the R-prime group, as we know now, that is your tire.
Let’s take a look at some examples of Suzuki reaction.
So here you have one vinylic halide example and two aryl halide examples and we’re going to replace all of those halogens with the tire.
Notice that there are different kinds of organoboron reagents but you have to specifically find where the tire is.
In the first case, the tire is that butyl group that I have here, bold.
Part of the reagents that you need to memorize or remember are the palladium reagents.
Usually they are palladium tetratriphenophosphine reagents in the presence of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
And so here’s the first example.
You’re going to take the blue part of the alkene and you’re going to replace the bromine with the tire.
And the tire in this case is this one, two, three, four carbons that are attached here to the boron.
They are going to be your new attachment there.
So that’s the first example.
The second example, we’re going to do the same thing.
In this case, we notice we have an alkene attached to the boron.
So we’re going to draw it exactly like it is.
And so that will be the final product.
Here you have carbons one, two, three and four.
And here’s carbons one, two, three and four.
And the next example, we’re going to attach that phenyl group to the phenyl group in blue to make the final product.
Just to wrap it up, you can say that the organoboron compound can be an alkyl and alkenyl or an aryl group.
